MATTER
Elementary school science books tell us that matter is anything that has weight and takes up space. But now the story gets a little more involved. This video teaches students that when referring to matter, the term “mass” should be used, not weight. The difference between the two is graphically illustrated. Another surprise for some: Most of the matter in the universe is composed of plasma, not the familiar forms: solid, liquid and gas. Students will realize that whether a material is a liquid, gas or solid, is determined by factors such as temperature, pressure and the inter-molecular attractive forces. These forces of attraction between the molecules are in turn effected by electrical charges on the molecules. Based on this information it becomes apparent why oxygen, for example, is a gas at any temperature above -183 degrees C, while iron is a gas only at temperatures above 3000 degrees C. The concept of density is also discussed along with Archimedes Principle and his humorous “Eureka” story. Students see how this principle is used to explain how a hot air balloon rises, or how a lead block can float in a pool of mercury. [color, 20 minutes] $39.95 TT0021
MACHINES
A 2,000 pound weight is lifted using only 25 pounds of force. How is such a feat possible? Well, with machines of course, and it might seem that this is an example of getting something for nothing. But students quickly learn in this lesson that a price must be paid for gaining such mechanical advantage. They will see that using machines to make work easier is really a matter of making trade-offs. This video teaches students how to calculate both ideal and actual mechanical advantage and how to figure the efficiency of machines. They will see how simple machines, such as levers, wheels and axles, and pulleys, may be used to produce the desired mechanical advantage. Work and power are defined in terms of mathematics and illustrations of work/power problems are presented. A comprehensive overview of the physics of simple machines. [color, 21 minutes] $39.95 TT0029
ELECTRICITY
Electricity...Everybody uses it, but few understand it. This video lesson demystifies the subject, enabling the student to grasp the important principles, while at the same time preserving the awe and wonder of this very fascinating subject. Your pupils will learn the difference between static electricity and moving electrical charges; that electrical charges, whether moving or stationery are made up of electrons. They will understand the meaning of volts, amps, ohms, and watts and how they are interrelated. They will see how electric current may be produced from batteries or from generators. We’ll learn how to use Ohm’s law and electric rates to calculate your power bill. Series and parallel circuits and the functioning of fuses and circuit breakers are discussed.
The intimate link between electricity and magnetism can not be ignored. This connection is made obvious as students see in this lesson that magnetism can produce electricity and electricity can produce magnetism. However, we have covered the subject of magnetism itself in a separate video. The two lessons, Magnetism and Electricity, are therefore complementary to one another but each is complete in its own right. [color, 20 minutes] $39.95 TT0030
MAGNETISM
What small child hasn’t at some time played with a magnet, astonished at its ability to magically attract pieces of metal. Now older, but still curious about this unusual scientific phenomenon, students will find this video lesson answering their most fundamental questions about magnetism. Where does it come from? Why does it work with some metals and not with others? What is the nature of the force? What is its connection to electricity? And more. We’ll explain how scientists have been able to use magnetism in things like video and audio recording, TV picture tubes, audio speakers, electric motors and generators, etc. And what of magnetism’s role in the future? How about super conducting rails to levitate 300 mph trains? This video is a comprehensive look at the phenomenon of magnetism. [color, 21 minutes] $39.95 TT0031
THE NATURE OF RADIATION
“You can’t feel it, see it, hear it, smell it or taste it, yet it can kill you in a matter of seconds. It’s all around you and there’s no escape.” Sounds like an advertisement for a horror flick, but these words are the opening lines for our video lesson on radiation. This piques the students’ interest and desire to know more about this very real component of our environment, radiation. The lesson teaches the student about the nature of radiation, where it comes from, and what the real hazards are. We learn that Mother Nature as well as man himself contribute to each person’s radiation dose. The differences in the four types of radiation are discussed. Students will learn how scientists make use of radioactive carbon to determine the age of fossils. An excellent overview of nuclear radiation. [color, 20 minutes] $39.95 TT0032
NUCLEAR REACTIONS
Nuclear reactions vs chemical. Fission vs fusion. This video lesson teaches the student the differences. Students will learn that nuclear reactions not only produce radiation but that they bring about fundamental changes in matter--transmutation. They’ll see just how these nuclear reactions differ from chemical reactions, and then they’ll put this knowledge to work in learning to solve and balance nuclear equations. [color, 21 minutes] $39.95 TT0033
COMPUTER & ELECTRONICS TECHNOLOGIES
The computer, laser disc, VCR, and fax are just a few of the electronic inventions that have changed our lives in only the last 30 years. This video lesson takes a historic look at the development of this field of science, beginning with the vacuum tube and progressing all the way to the solid-state devices used in today’s equipment. Students will learn the basics of rectification, amplification, capacitance, and something about the computer chip. An extremely complex subject explained in terms understandable to most everyone. [color, 21 minutes] $39.95 TT0034
NEWTON’S THREE LAWS OF MOTION
This video lesson will give the student a clear understanding of Newton’s three laws of motion. They will see that acceleration and deceleration forces are in reality a manifestation of the First Law. They will understand the connection between the Second Law and weight in a gravitational field. Finally, they’ll see that the Third Law applies not only to rockets and airplanes but to everyday events. [color, 21 minutes] $39.95 TT0035
MOVING BODIES
(Force, Gravity, Velocity And Vectors)
What causes an object to move? One might intuitively answer, the application of force. But more specifically it is the application of an unbalanced force. This video lesson re-emphasizes that objects always move in accordance with the laws of motion. It explains what velocity is in terms of vector diagrams and gives students experience in solving practical vector diagrams and acceleration problems. [color, 22 minutes] $39.95 TT0036
ELECTRON ARRANGEMENT
This video lesson looks at the quantum theory from a non-mathematical stance. Students will learn what the four quantum numbers mean, that they are actually a means of describing the orbitals. They will appreciate how this information was derived from studies done with spectroscopy and they should gain an understanding of the way the electrons are sub-divided into sub-levels and orbitals. This video will illuminate the mysteries surrounding this very abstract subject, giving the student a firm handle on this most esoteric branch of science. [color, 20 minutes, Grades 9-12] $39.95 TT0052
ELECTRON CONFIGURATION 1-7
This video lesson introduces the student to the various written formats used to denote the distribution of electrons about the nucleus. For example the electron configuration for boron is 1s2 2s2 2p1. Also covered are orbital notation and electron dot notation. Students should see that these methods are in actuality diverse ways of communicating the same information, placement of electrons around the nucleus. They should also gain an understanding of why the transition and rare earth elements are separated on the periodic table from the others. What do these transition elements have in common and what could explain their properties. [color, 20 minutes, Grades 9-12] $39.95 TT0053
SOLIDS
Did you know one solid will diffuse into another? That some solids become gases without melting? That the shapes of crystals are in a sense just enlargements of the basic molecule? We will take a look at these and other properties of solids as well as find out what happens during a change of state. What are the six classes of crystals? What is the nature of the binding forces that holds them together? We’ll see that many of the explanations for characteristics of solids are to be found in the Kinetic Theory of matter. These are some of the topics we cover in this fascinating video lesson on solids. [color, 20 minutes, Grades 9-12] $39.95 TT0057
LIQUIDS AND WATER
In this video lesson students will discover how liquids become gases, and how gases become liquids. Does evaporation really stop when the levels of a liquid cease to drop in the container? Does condensation stop too? What is really going on at the molecular level during evaporation and condensation? What role does energy play in this process? Such questions are a natural lead-in to the principle of Le Chatelier and the concept of equilibrium; discover how bonding between the molecules can explain how water is a liquid at room temperature but hydrogen is a gas. How is the Kinetic Theory of matter useful in explaining the behavior of liquids and how does pressure affect boiling points; how does diffusion occur? These and many more questions are answered in this lesson on liquids. [color, 21 minutes, Grades 9-12] $39.95 TT0058
GASES AND GAS LAWS
Bigger does not necessarily equate with more, nor does smaller always mean less. Especially is this true in the case of gases. This video lesson graphically illustrates how higher pressure can decrease volume of a gas, while higher temperature can increase the volume. Inevitably this leads to a discussion on relationships as described in Boyle’s Law and Charles’ Law. Students will see that one is a direct proportionality while the other is an inverse one. The logic of the Kinetic Theory of matter is used to explain the behavior of gases under varying conditions. Using straight forward explanations and illustrations, this video removes the mystery and confusion from this area of science. [color, 20 minutes, Grades 9-12] $39.95 TT0059
HYDRAULICS--PASCAL’S LAWS
Hydraulis...It’s a Greek word which gave rise to the word hydraulics. Originally hydraulis meant water pipe and eventually the science of hydraulis encompassed the study of water in motion. But now the word is used more broadly. Hydraulics now refers to the mechanics of any fluid whether at rest or in motion. As this video stresses, hydraulics are an important part of our daily lives. The braking system on cars or the common car jack are perhaps the most obvious examples. But industry abounds with hydraulic power devises, too. There are fork lifts, milling machines, drill presses, printing presses, hoists, grinders, lathes and so on. And even the control surfaces of aircraft, like the flaps, ailerons, rudder as well as the landing gear itself are all operated by hydraulics. Students will learn how to work simple mechanical advantage problems, seeing how distance is traded for multiplied force. They will come to see the hydraulic system as a form of the simple lever, even though fluids transmit the forces. An excellent overview that will provide a solid foundation for understanding of this very important scientific application. [color, 19 minutes, Grades 9-12] $39.95 TT0068
VECTORS (Physics)
In this video lesson students will learn about the distinction between scalar and vector quantities, then they will learn how to solve distance and force problems using vector diagrams. The on-screen graphics are coordinated well with the narration, making it easy to follow the explanations for constructing the diagrams and solving the problems. Students see first hand the correlation of magnitude to line length and the logic for using trigonometric relationships in solving multiforce problems. This video will provide your students with a firm foundation for the study of mechanics. [Color, 20 minutes, Grades 9-12] $39.95 TT0077
Translational EQUILIBRIUM (Physics)
Objects in motion that continue to travel on forever; inanimate surfaces that push back when pushed on. Scenarios from a science thriller? Hardly, just Newton’s First and Third Laws of Motion in action. In this video on translational equilibrium students will see how these laws are used to solve problems involving a static system. They will understand, through the use of vector diagrams, that systems in equilibrium must satisfy a specific condition...that the vector sum of all the forces must be zero. No net force acting on a body and there can be no motion or change in its velocity. They will also see that unbalanced forces, or resultants, produce movement when applied to a mass. In this lesson students learn, through the application of trigonometry, how to solve problems where friction is a factor. This video lesson is a comprehensive treatment of how forces combine to produce equilibrium and considerable time is devoted to the solution of vector problems. The lesson also looks briefly at problems involving unbalanced forces and the motion that they produce. [Color, 20 minutes, Grades 9-12] $39.95 TT0078
PROJECTILE MOTION (Physics)
Suppose a rifle is fired horizontally off the side of one cliff and at the exact same instant, an object is dropped from the opposite side. Assuming the floor of the canyon to be level and the elevation on both sides of the cliff to be the same, which object will strike the bottom first? The fact is, they will strike the floor simultaneously. The horizontal motion of an object does not affect its rate of fall? And with that as an introduction, this video lesson launches into a discussion on projectile motion followed by Newton’s Second Law. Students will see that in working projectile problems, it is convenient to solve for the vertical and horizontal components separately. For projectiles fired at trajectories above the horizon, both trigonometry and the equations for acceleration and velocity are used. Students become familiar with experiments that illustrate the relationship between force, mass and acceleration. The lesson then presents problems requiring students to use F= ma to solve for acceleration, force or mass. This video brings the concepts of acceleration, gravity, mass, weight and resolution of forces into sharper focus. [Color, 20 minutes, Grades 9-12] $39.95 TT0079
WORK, POWER, AND ENERGY (Physics)
Work, power and energy. Used frequently in ordinary conversation, these terms have a variety of connotations in daily living. But in physics their definitions are precise... quantitative. This video lesson presents working definitions for all three concepts and then includes problems to illustrate applications. In problems concerning work, for example, students are asked to solve for the amount of work done in sliding a box up an inclined plane when given variables such as the coefficient, weight, slope, distance moved and applied push. Energy is defined as the ability to do work or the work required to change the kinetic energy of a moving body. Students are asked to solve problems using 1/2 mv square. Potential energy is also defined. Power is work per unit time and students will understand the meaning of Joule/sec or watt. Here also, the working of problems forces students to think through the concepts, which leads to a more complete mastery of ideas. [Color, 20 minutes, Grades 9-12] $39.95 TT0080
ROTATIONAL EQUILIBRIUM & ACCELERATION (Physics)
In this video lesson, two basic topics in mechanics are covered...rotational equilibrium and acceleration. Students are first introduced to the meanings of terms such as moment arm and torque. They learn that even though a system may be in translational equilibrium, it will not be in rotational equilibrium if the opposing forces do not act along the same line of action. In solving torque problems, students learn that in order to be consistent with the definition of moment arm, this factor must first be resolved into its perpendicular component of force. They see that in order for rotational equilibrium to exist, the algebraic sum of all the torques about any axis must be zero. The second portion of this video deals with acceleration. Students will gain skills in calculating problems relating to finding initial and final velocities of and distances travelled by accelerating masses; the time required for accelerating bodies to reach a final velocity and the acceleration of moving masses themselves. [Color, 20 minutes, Grades 9-12] $39.95 TT0081
MOMENTUM AND IMPULSE (Physics)
This video lesson examines the vector quantities, impulse and momentum. Students first will understand how, by combining Newton’s F=ma equation with one for acceleration, the expression for impulse can be derived. They will come to terms with the meaning of momentum, seeing that units and those for impulse are identical, though in form appear different. Several worked problems illustrate the concept of each. The second part of the video lesson deals with the conservation of momentum. Again through the solution of problems, students will understand how and why not only momentum, but kinetic energy as well is conserved. Finally, the differences between elastic and inelastic collisions will be discussed. The coefficient of restitution is derived and a problem is worked using this ratio. How high will a ball bounce? Using e=square root of h2/h1, students will find out. This video is a comprehensive look at momentum and impulse. [color, 20 minutes, Grades 9-12] $39.95 TT0082
ROTATIONAL DYNAMICS AND THE LAW OF GRAVITY (Physics)
This video lesson is concerned with the dynamics of rotational motion. Students will learn to distinguish between circular motion and rotatory motion. Then they will discover how concepts like angular displacement, angular velocity, acceleration, angular momentum and moment of inertia, help to explain why a skater’s spin increases as she pulls her limbs inward and why a planet speeds up as it nears the sun. They will understand that the basic principles and equations used in linear motion apply equally well to rotatory motion. Also covered are Kepler’s Laws of Planetary Motion and Newton’s Law of Gravitation. [Color, 20 minutes, Grades 9-12] $39.95 TT0083
UNIFORM CIRCULAR MOTION (Physics)
This video lesson deals with Newton’s Second Law of Motion as it applies to masses moving in a curved path. Students will learn that a mass will continue to move with a constant velocity unless acted on by some outside force. Velocity implies both direction and speed so we may assume that objects move in straight lines and will travel in circular paths only when forced to do so. This lesson teaches the student how to work problems involving the calculation of centripetal force and acceleration, the speed of an orbiting satellite and even the angle of bank necessary to prevent a car from sliding off the road as it rounds a curve. In addition to teaching basic concepts of the forces encountered in circular motion, this lesson should leave the student with a sense for how practical this area of physics can be. [Color, 20 minutes, Grades 9-12] $39.95 TT0084
PROPERTIES OF LIQUIDS & GASES
(The Kinetic Theory of Matter)
Matter exists in four phase states. But what properties of matter cause us to assign particular substances to one state or the other? Furthermore, what factors at the molecular level seem to be responsible for causing materials to behave in such a way as to be called a solid, a liquid or a gas? This video lesson looks at the differences in solids, liquids and gases at the macroscopic level, then focuses specifically on the properties of liquids and gases at the molecular level, employing the Kinetic Theory of matter to explain many of the phenomena. The student will learn about the origin of events such as surface tension, cohesion, adhesion, fluid pressure, evaporation, density and dynamic equilibrium. [color, 25 minutes] $39.95 TT0085
PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS
(The Kinetic Theory of Matter)
Precious metals, soft and pliable can be bent and shaped into objects of art and beauty. Most minerals and crystals, though, are brittle and must be cleaved or sculpted into desired shapes and designs. Iron melts at over 3,000 degrees centigrade, but ice at 0 degrees centigrade. What could account for such wide variations in behavior...such a diversity in properties? To understand and answer these questions this video lesson takes a close-up look at matter...at the molecular and atomic level. This video physics lesson uses atomic structure and the Kinetic Theory of Matter to explain why certain materials, particularly solids, have specific physical traits...why they exhibit specific patterns of behavior, especially when subjected to changes in temperature that bring about a shift in the phase state. The student will see how the forces of mutual attraction and repulsion fluctuate with the distance separating the molecular centers. Finally, the lesson discusses the concepts of stress, strain and the elastic limit of solids. Then after the introduction of Young’s Modulus of Elasticity, problem-solving illustrates how these ideas are interrelated. [color, 20 minutes] $39.95 TT0086
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