THE CELL
Take a journey to the interior of a cell and learn what the various organelles must do to maintain the condition we call “living.” Also included in this lesson is an easy-to-understand portrayal of the cell membrane as the cell’s all-important gate keeper. The membrane’s bi-lipid structure is discussed in terms that pre-chemistry students will comprehend. Mechanisms of diffusion, active transport and osmosis are discussed, as they relate to the structure as semi-permeable. The students should acquire from this lesson the concept that in a multi-cellular organism, cells are interdependent, that each must perform its specific task if the organism as a whole is to survive. [color, 22 minutes] $39.95 TT0007
MUSCLES AND SKELETON
Most people understand how a car converts fuel into energy for movement. But how does a muscle do it? Furthermore, what is a muscle made of? That and much more is the subject of this video lesson. By studying the microscopic structures of a muscle fibril, students will come to understand some of how the energy of fuel is used to cause the muscle to contract. We’ll see that a contraction begins with a nerve impulse. Simple animated drawings show clearly what is meant by the “sliding filament theory.” It’s a fascinating story as yet only partially understood even by experts. The three types of muscles will be differentiated according to their structure, appearance and function. We will see how muscles are attached to the bones and discover the composition of the bony material itself. Is it living? If so, how does oxygen and food get to its interior? What is a Haversian Canal? This lesson explains all this. Joints? We’ll investigate the features of several types and explain how they allow movement in varying planes and directions. When the joints become inflamed arthritis is the result. The students should acquire an appreciation for functional design of the human musculo-skeletal system. [color, 18 minutes] $39.95 TT0008
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
The heart, blood and vessels. That is what comes to mind most often when one thinks of the circulatory system. But as students learn in this video, there is much more. This lesson teaches students the anatomy and functional purpose of the portal, pulmonary, renal, systemic, and coronary circulatory systems. They also learn the meaning of systole and diastole and what actually produces the heart sounds. We begin with showing how blood is forced by the left ventricular contraction through the valves into the aorta and out through systemic circulation. After completing this circuit, we trace the blood as it enters the right atrium via the vena cava. With the contraction of the right ventricle, we watch as blood is forced into the lungs and then returned to the left atrium. Dramatic footage of an actual heart catheterization allows students to see the flow of blood in the heart. [color, 30 1/2 minutes] $39.95 TT0009
BLOOD AND LYMPH
Blood, living liquid tissue. First, we examine the blood’s composition, taking note of the various proteins and salts in the plasma. Then the lesson moves on to discuss the cells. The students will see microphotographs of red blood cells while they learn the function of the red blood cells, white cells and platelets. Incredibly there are about 5 million red blood cells in one cubic mm of blood and every second about three million die and are replaced. A major portion of this video lesson is devoted to a discussion of blood types and the Rh factor. They will appreciate why type O is the universal donor and AB the universal recipient. Also covered are a variety of blood related diseases such as leukemia, anemia, clots, hemophilia and sickle cell. Emphasis is placed on the many life-sustaining functions performed by the blood, such as oxygen, hormone and food distribution, temperature regulation, defending the body from diseases, and so on. What about lymph? Like blood plasma minus the proteins. Not a part of the circulatory system as such, but none the less it is very important in helping transport substances between blood and cells. [color, 18 1/2 minutes] $39.95 TT0010
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
Most living organisms require oxygen in order to extract energy from their food. This video begins by illustrating how easy respiration is for single-celled organisms like the amoeba. They simply absorb dissolved oxygen from their liquid environment. But for multicellular creatures, a specialized system, capable of acquiring oxygen from the atmosphere, has had to develop. Our lesson traces the flow of air as it enters the nostrils and continues down through the pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi and finally the lungs. Students will gain an understanding of how the respiratory center in the brain works with various sensing organs to control breathing. The students may be amazed to learn how vast the surface area of the alveoli of the lungs really is, and how vital this area is to aerating the blood with oxygen. We will talk about the mechanics of breathing, how the contraction of muscles creates a low pressure area in the chest cavity, which causes air to rush into the lungs. Finally we’ll discuss various lung diseases like asthma, emphysema and TB. [color, 24 minutes] $39.95 TT0011
EXCRETORY SYSTEM
The kidneys do more than just produce urine. This video lesson stresses the fact that the kidneys also regulate the body’s salt and fluid levels. This program makes clear to the students just how the kidneys do their job. After becoming familiar with the anatomy of the excretory system by viewing stunning graphics, the video traces the flow of waste-bearing blood into the glomerulus, where it is filtered by capillaries in the Bowman’s Capsule. Students will see that most of the liquid first removed, is returned to the blood in the tubules. In fact it is astonishing to note that without re-absorption, a person could urinate himself to death in about 30 minutes. The role of the endocrine system in controlling urine output is discussed as well as the function of the kidneys in maintaining homeostasis or salt/water constancy. From the kidneys the students see the urine going via the ureter to the bladder and then to the outside through the urethra. A few kidney disorders are also covered such as nephritis, kidney stones and diabetes. [color, 18 1/2minutes] $39.95 TT0012
SENSE ORGANS
The senses. Everything we know about our world comes to us by way of the eyes, ears, nose, taste or skin. In this video, we will explore the anatomy and the functioning of all five senses. The students will learn how the lens and cornea refract light waves to focus clear images on the retina. Then, they’ll see what happens when this image is improperly focused, and what types of lenses are used to correct these vision defects. The ears. How do they convert mechanical vibrations into impulses perceived by the brain as sound? How do loud sounds damage the ear? These are a few of the topics covered in this section of the senses video. Smelling and tasting are closely related. What’s involved in detecting an odor or tasting food? Did you know that if you bite into an apple and an onion you can’t tell them apart if the nose is pinched shut? Feeling the sense of touch. There are four basic kinds of receptors scattered throughout the skin. We’ll see how they work to bring us pleasure and keep us from harm. This video serves as an educational overview of our senses, the windows to our world. [color, 24 minutes] $39.95 TT0014
NERVOUS SYSTEM
Rapid heart beat, quickened breathing and perspiration are caused by the body’s reaction to a stimulus. It is pointed out that these responses are brought about by the nervous system, whose function it is to provide the control of the body by communication. This communication takes the form of nerve impulses transmitted from one neuron to the next. From this point the video leads into a discussion of the anatomy of neurons, with their dendrites and axons and synapses. The exact nature of a nerve impulse, as a “wave of depolarization” is discussed. What occurs at the gap between the cells? The video teaches the students that an impulse crossing the synapse is mediated by chemicals called neuro-transmitters and that some drugs work by interfering with this transmission.
We then take a look at the nervous system on the macroscopic level, covering the structure of the brain, the divisions of the peripheral system into autonomic and voluntary and the division of the autonomic into sympathetic and para-sympathetic. The nature of the reflex arc and the input from the five senses are examined as well. It is emphasized that the nervous and endocrine systems are similar in the manner in which they control bodily responses. [color, 25 1/2 minutes] $39.95 TT0013
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
This video lesson will give the students a thorough and comprehensive overview of the endocrine system. Portrayed as a method of bodily control through the secretion of hormones by ductless glands, this video covers the anatomy, location and function of each major gland. Students will understand what a hormone really is and the effect each hormone is normally expected to have on its target tissue. This video exposes students to the “feed-back” mechanism employed by most glands to regulate hormonal output. They will also learn what symptoms might result when a gland is either over or under active. Hormone deficiency disorders such as diabetes, hypo- and hyper- thyroidism are given much attention. The point is also made that there is a close relationship and similarity between the functioning of the nervous and the endocrine system. [color, 23 1/2 minutes] $39.95 TT0015
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
This video lesson first introduces the students to a single-celled amoeba. Because this organism lives in a nutrient-rich watery environment, it has no need for a digestive system. It simply absorbs food through its membrane. By contrast, most all of the cells of higher animals are not in direct contact with their food supply, but are “buried” deep within the tissues. Using this set-up as a premise, the video causes the students to realize that in order for their cells to receive essential food supplies, some mechanism of digestion and transport is necessary. Hamburgers and pizza have to undergo major changes, if the nutrients in them are to be absorbed into and used by the cells. Our lesson describes the entire digestive process beginning in the mouth and ending at the anus. As food moves through the system students will understand how food particles are physically broken into smaller and smaller pieces while being chemically attacked by enzymes. The peristaltic action of the esophagus in swallowing is examined. Passing through the cardiac sphincter, the food enters the stomach, where it is churned into chyme. Finally on to the small intestine for the last stages of digestion and absorption into the blood stream. The role of the large intestine is stressed as the organ of elimination and of water regulation. Careful attention is paid throughout the lesson to the anatomy of the alimentary canal, and the importance of the major hormonal and enzyme secretions of the glands of digestion. Students will understand how the villi increase the surface area of the intestine and how important this is to absorption of food into the blood. [color, 18 minutes] $39.95 TT0016
NUTRITION
“You are what you eat.” This video stresses the importance of a balanced diet for maintaining good health. The role of the six basic nutrients are examined and described in terms of their basic chemical make-up, presence in certain foods and their physiology in the body. Some of the major deficiency diseases are discussed, too. A few examples include: low iodine intake leading to possible goiters and hypothyroidism; lack of vitamin C leading to scurvy; and low iron intake, resulting in anemia. This video introduces the concept of the energy/calorie relationship, and ends by discussing the new food pyramid as a guide for the students in developing healthy eating habits. [color, 18 1/2 minutes] $39.95 TT0017
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
This video lesson tastefully teaches students the anatomy of the human male and female reproductive systems, and then leads into a discussion on how each sex produces its own gametes. Students see where the sperm are produced, which glands secrete the seminal fluids, and the ducts through which this fluid is transported to the outside. In the female, they learn how the ovaries produce eggs, and will come to understand the critical role of hormones in the menstrual cycle. Next covered is the union of the two, resulting in a zygote. Some genetics is introduced so that the students become aware of DNA as the hereditary material and are able to diagram simple crosses, showing the genotype of parents and offspring. The video also briefly discusses a few genetic diseases such as Down’s Syndrome and hemophilia. We have avoided discussing the controversial topics related to contraception and abortion. [color, 26 1/2 minutes] $39.95 TT0018
DRUGS
What exactly is a drug? How does it enter the body and make its way to the target tissues? What causes side effects? Why do some substances remain in the system longer than others? What are some of the broad categories of drugs used in medicine, and how do they bring about their therapeutic benefits? These are but a few of the general topics addressed in this video lesson on drugs. Included also is a summary of the major “street drugs” plaguing today’s society. The physiologic and psychologic effects of these addictive substances are discussed in some detail. An excellent overview of basic pharmacology and a capsulization of illegal substances. [color, 20 minutes] $39.95 TT0037
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
Food is the body’s fuel...its source of energy. But how can the cells of our body burn food to obtain the energy vital to sustaining life? How is it that food is combusted inside our cells at a comfortable 100 degrees? This video lesson shows the student how through a series of enzymatically controlled steps this feat is accomplished. We follow a glucose molecule as it is degraded first in glycolysis, then in the Kreb’s cycle. We see where the carbon dioxide comes from and finally watch, as the hydrogens removed from the glucose are fed down the electron transport system to unite with oxygen forming water, while trapping the energy in ATP. A complex subject made comprehensible. [color, 21 minutes, Grades 9-12] $39.95 TT0038
DNA--Protein Synthesis
The code of life, DNA. What is this miraculous chemical found in all living organisms on this planet? How is it constructed? Can we decipher its code? What does the message say? Why is this information contained in the DNA so critical to survival? These are a few of the questions answered in this video lesson on DNA and protein synthesis. Students will learn about replication, transcription, mRNA, tRNA, ribosomal RNA, and a lot more. [color, 22 minutes, Grades 9-12] $39.95 TT0039
INTRODUCTION TO CLASSIFICATION
With over two million different forms of life on this planet, studying each on an individual basis would be virtually an impossible task. With the need for a system of biological classification clearly established, this video lesson then proceeds to give the student a basic understanding of the biological system of classification beginning with kingdoms and ending with species. The deficiencies of a two-kingdom system is also addressed and brief descriptions of each of the five kingdoms are presented. This video lesson is an essential introduction to more detailed discussions on biological organization. [color, 22 minutes, Grades 9-12] $39.95 TT0040
KINGDOM MONERA/PROKARYOTAE
What if it’s alive but is neither plant nor animal? What sort of living being fits that description? Well, bacteria are one example. This video lesson discusses these primitive life forms and explains why they have to be placed in a separate kingdom. Students will learn about the shape, structure and organization of these microscopic living entities. How are they man’s benefactor and his curse and how are they now serving man’s needs? [color, 20 minutes, Grades 9-12] $39.95 TT0041
KINGDOM PROTISTA
This video lesson examines the characteristics of algae (both primitive and complex), amoeba, euglena, the exotic diatoms, paramecia, sporozoans, and other members of this kingdom. An excellent overview of the microscopic world of kingdom protista. [color, 19 minutes, Grades 9-12] $39.95 TT0042
KINGDOM PLANTAE AND KINGDOM FUNGI
What special adaptations did algae have to make in transitioning from an aquatic to a terrestrial environment? These questions and many more are answered in this video lesson as we survey the plant kingdom, examining the mosses, ferns and finally the conifers and seed plants. [color, 20 minutes, Grades 9-12] $39.95 TT0043
KINGDOM ANIMALIA: SPONGES THROUGH WORMS
This video lesson will take the student on a survey of the animal kingdom from the simple sponges to the complex earthworm. Discover first what characteristics all animals have in common. Then see how, step-by-step, the organisms evolved into creatures with true organs and tissues. A sponge has no heart or brain, but an earthworm has primitive versions of each. [color, 20 minutes, Grades 9-12] $39.95 TT0044
KINGDOM ANIMALIA: MOLLUSKS THROUGH MAN
This video lessons surveys the animal kingdom starting with mollusca, and progressing to arthropoda, with its myriad varieties of insects, crustaceans, arachnids, millipedes and centipedes; on to the star fish phylum of echinodermata, to hemichordate and finally on to the chordates, with its all important sub-phylum vertebrata. Representative members of each group are discussed in an effort to make obvious the reasons for its placement in a particular sub-set. Particular emphasis is placed on vertebrata and its various classes and orders. [color, 20 minutes, Grades 9-12] $39.95 TT0045
KINGDOM ANIMALIA: VERTEBRATA
Vertebrates...animals with a backbone, make up only 5% of the animal population, yet perhaps are the most diverse and certainly among the most intelligent creatures on the planet. This video lesson surveys members of this sub-phylum of chordata, from the jawless fishes to human beings. Students will gain an under-standing of what adaptations were necessary in order to make the transition from an aquatic to a terrestrial existence. Distinguishing characteristics of each class of vertebrata are discussed and examples of the major orders of our own class, mammalia, are listed. [color, 21 minutes, Grades 9-12] $39.95 TT0046
PLANT REPRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT
This video lesson focuses on the higher seed plants. Students will learn the difference between angiosperms and gymnosperms and between monocots and dicots. Particular attention is paid to the anatomy of these seed plants and their method of reproduction. Students will learn about the pistil and stamen. Many illustrations are used to show the structures and development of these more complex seed plants. [color, 20 minutes, Grades 9-12] $39.95 TT0048
ECOLOGY: MAN AND THE ENVIRONMENT
What are we doing to our world? Are we destroying the only home we have? This video lesson looks at several areas where man’s activities have adversely impacted the environment: The annihilation of species, through poaching, the destruction of the rain forests and pollution of air and water. Pollution of the air and deforestation in turn affect the climate and integrity of the ozone layer. It becomes apparent how these activities are inter-related, how they influence each other. Finally, the lesson discusses some practical measures students may take to help protect our environment. An excellent overview of today’s and tomorrow’s ecological dilemmas, this video should serve well as an entry into discussions that will further raise the consciousness level of students on this important subject. [color, 19 minutes, Grades 9-12] $39.95 TT0049
THE BODY’S DEFENSE AGAINST MICROBIAL ATTACK
Bacteria, viruses and other pathogens are ubiquitous. They are forever on the offensive. They wage a continuous, unrelenting battle against our health and well-being. To ward off their aggressive onslaught, the body must always be on the defensive. This video lesson details the body’s strategy for dealing with these foreign invaders. It examines the three lines of defense against disease: the physical barrier, which includes the skin and mucous membranes; the nonspecific responses, which include the killer cells, fever and inflammation; and the specific immune system response, which involves the antigen-antibody specific reactions. An excellent overview on the body’s methods of defense against the disease-causing microbes of our world. [color, 20 minutes, Grades 9-12] $39.95 TT0069
EVIDENCE FOR EVOLUTION
Evolution...What does the word mean? In what context is it used in biology? What evidence is there to suggest that organisms on earth did evolve down through the epochs? These are some of the questions addressed in this video lesson. In recounting the suppporting evidence for this concept, this lesson examines: the fossil record, comparative anatomy, embryology, biochemistry, selective breeding and environmental pressures. Finally, the students see how given the proper mix of precursor chemicals, the elements of life possibly could have formed spontaneously. [Color, 20 minutes, Grades 9-12] $39.95 TT0070
THE PROCESS OF EVOLUTION
This video lesson brings into sharper focus the many events which down through the ages have resulted in the great diversity of life on this planet...in a process called evolution. Specifically, this lesson takes a looks at the Hardy-Weinberg Principle of population genetics. Students will understand how such factors as genetic drift, the founder effect, mutations, and random mating play a role in altering the frequencies of genes within a population. They should come to understand that changes in the genetic message are often expressed as physical changes in the organism and that these changes may or may not confer a survival advantage upon the organism. Also covered in this video lesson are the mechanisms of allopatric and sympatric speciation, two hypotheses which attempt to explain the origin for entirely new species. The student will come to appreciate the observations and conclusions which lead Darwin to his famous treatise. [Color, 20 minutes, Grades 9-12] $39.95 TT0071
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